# Data Visualization - 数据可视化仪表盘 > 图表生成/仪表盘制作/实时数据看板/自动报告 > 最后更新：2026-04-13 --- ## 功能概述 - 📊 **图表生成**：折线/柱状/饼图/热力图 - 📈 **K线图表**：股票/期货专用图表 - 🖥️ **仪表盘**：多图表组合看板 - 🔄 **实时更新**：数据自动刷新 - 📝 **报告导出**：PDF/HTML/PNG --- ## 图表生成 ### 1. Matplotlib基础图表 ```python import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import matplotlib matplotlib.use('Agg') # 非交互式后端 # 设置中文 plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei', 'Arial'] plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False def plot_line(data, title, xlabel, ylabel, output='chart.png'): """折线图""" plt.figure(figsize=(12, 6)) plt.plot(data['x'], data['y']) plt.title(title) plt.xlabel(xlabel) plt.ylabel(ylabel) plt.grid(True) plt.savefig(output, dpi=100, bbox_inches='tight') plt.close() return output def plot_bar(categories, values, title, output='bar.png'): """柱状图""" plt.figure(figsize=(12, 6)) plt.bar(categories, values) plt.title(title) plt.xticks(rotation=45) plt.tight_layout() plt.savefig(output, dpi=100) plt.close() return output def plot_pie(sizes, labels, title, output='pie.png'): """饼图""" plt.figure(figsize=(8, 8)) plt.pie(sizes, labels=labels, autopct='%1.1f%%') plt.title(title) plt.savefig(output) plt.close() return output ``` ### 2. K线图表 ```python import mplfinance as mpf def plot_candlestick(data, title='K线图', output='candle.png'): """K线图""" # data需要包含: Date, Open, High, Low, Close, Volume mpf.plot( data.set_index('Date'), type='candle', title=title, style='charles', savefig=output ) return output def plot_volume(data, output='volume.png'): """成交量图""" mpf.plot( data.set_index('Date'), type='line', volume=True, savefig=output ) return output ``` ### 3. 热力图 ```python import seaborn as sns import numpy as np def plot_heatmap(data, title, output='heatmap.png'): """热力图""" plt.figure(figsize=(12, 8)) sns.heatmap(data, annot=True, fmt='.2f', cmap='YlOrRd') plt.title(title) plt.tight_layout() plt.savefig(output) plt.close() return output def correlation_matrix(df, output='corr.png'): """相关系数矩阵""" plt.figure(figsize=(10, 8)) sns.heatmap(df.corr(), annot=True, cmap='coolwarm', center=0) plt.title('Correlation Matrix') plt.savefig(output) plt.close() return output ``` --- ## 仪表盘制作 ### 1. 多图表组合 ```python from matplotlib.gridspec import GridSpec def create_dashboard(data, output='dashboard.png'): """创建仪表盘""" fig = plt.figure(figsize=(16, 10)) gs = GridSpec(3, 2, figure=fig) # 图1：K线 ax1 = fig.add_subplot(gs[0, :]) mpf.plot(data['kline'], type='candle', ax=ax1, show=False) # 图2：成交量 ax2 = fig.add_subplot(gs[1, 0]) ax2.bar(data['volume']['date'], data['volume']['vol']) ax2.set_title('Volume') # 图3：资金流 ax3 = fig.add_subplot(gs[1, 1]) ax3.plot(data['money_flow']) ax3.set_title('Money Flow') # 图4：收益曲线 ax4 = fig.add_subplot(gs[2, :]) ax4.plot(data['equity']) ax4.set_title('Equity Curve') plt.tight_layout() plt.savefig(output, dpi=100) plt.close() return output ``` ### 2. 实时看板 ```python import time class LiveDashboard: """实时看板""" def __init__(self, refresh_interval=60): self.refresh_interval = refresh_interval self.data_sources = {} def add_source(self, name, func): """添加数据源""" self.data_sources[name] = func def update(self): """更新所有数据""" results = {} for name, func in self.data_sources.items(): try: results[name] = func() except Exception as e: print(f"Failed to update {name}: {e}") return results def run(self, duration=3600): """运行看板""" start = time.time() while time.time() - start < duration: data = self.update() self.render(data) time.sleep(self.refresh_interval) ``` --- ## HTML看板 ### 1. Plotly交互图 ```python import plotly.express as px import plotly.graph_objects as go from plotly.subplots import make_subplots def create_html_dashboard(data): """创建HTML仪表盘""" fig = make_subplots( rows=2, cols=2, subplot_titles=('K线', '成交量', '资金流', '收益曲线') ) # K线 fig.add_trace( go.Candlestick(x=data['date'], open=data['open'], high=data['high'], low=data['low'], close=data['close']), row=1, col=1 ) # 成交量 fig.add_trace( go.Bar(x=data['date'], y=data['volume']), row=1, col=2 ) # 收益曲线 fig.add_trace( go.Scatter(x=data['date'], y=data['equity'], name='Equity'), row=2, col=1 ) fig.update_layout(height=800, showlegend=True) html = fig.to_html(full_html=False) return html ``` ### 2. 数据表格 ```python def create_data_table(data, columns, title='数据表'): """创建数据表格HTML""" html = f'''

{title}

{"".join([f"" for c in columns])} ''' for row in data: html += '' + "".join([f"" for v in row]) + '' html += '

{c}
{v}

' return html ``` --- ## 核心命令 ### 1. 生成图表 ``` 命令：生成图表 [类型] [数据] 示例： - 生成图表折线图 [1,2,3,4,5] - 生成图表柱状图苹果:100,香蕉:80 ``` ### 2. 生成K线 ``` 命令：生成K线 [股票代码] 示例： - 生成K线 600519 ``` ### 3. 生成报告 ``` 命令：生成报告 [报告名称] 示例： - 生成报告每日看板 - 生成报告股票分析 ``` --- ## 应用场景 ### 1. 股票分析报告 ```python def stock_report(code): """生成股票报告""" # 获取数据 data = get_stock_data(code) # 生成图表 chart1 = plot_candlestick(data['kline'], f'{code} K线') chart2 = plot_bar(data['volume']['date'], data['volume']['vol'], '成交量') # 生成HTML报告 html = f''' {code} 分析报告

{code} 分析报告

''' with open(f'{code}_report.html', 'w') as f: f.write(html) return f'{code}_report.html' ``` ### 2. 策略回测报告 ```python def backtest_report(results): """生成回测报告""" # 收益曲线 equity_chart = plot_line({ 'x': results['dates'], 'y': results['equity'] }, '收益曲线', '日期', '资金') # 统计 stats = calculate_stats(results) html = f'''

策略回测报告

统计数据

总收益率: {stats['total_return']:.2f}%
年化收益: {stats['annual_return']:.2f}%
夏普比率: {stats['sharpe']:.2f}
最大回撤: {stats['max_drawdown']:.2f}%

''' return html ``` --- ## 图表类型选择 | 场景 | 推荐图表 | |------|---------| | 趋势变化 | 折线图 | | 对比分析 | 柱状图 | | 占比分布 | 饼图/环形图 | | 相关性 | 热力图/散点图 | | K线走势 | 蜡烛图 | | 分布情况 | 直方图/箱线图 | | 地理数据 | 地图热力图 | --- ## 注意事项 1. **数据量**：大数据集要采样 2. **中文显示**：配置中文字体 3. **交互性**：需要交互用Plotly 4. **导出格式**：PNG清晰/HTML交互 ## Code Implementation Python实现: chart_generator.py `python from chart_generator import ChartGenerator, quick_chart # 快速图表 chart = quick_chart(data, 'line', 'date', ['sales', 'profit']) chart.save('chart.png') # 或使用完整API gen = ChartGenerator() gen.line_chart(data, 'date', 'sales', title='Sales') gen.bar_chart(data, 'category', 'value') gen.pie_chart(data, 'name', 'value') gen.scatter_chart(data, 'x', 'y', size='size', color='category') `

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